Disseminated Intra-Abdominal Hydatidosis: A Case Report
Abstract
Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus Multilocularis. In human beings, apart from involving the liver and lungs commonly, it also affects other organs like brain, kidney and spleen. Rupture of Hydatid cyst into abdominal cavity causes disseminated abdominal hydatidosis which is a rare complication. Here this rare case was presenting as a 48 years old female patient of disseminated intra-abdominal hydatidosis. Disseminated abdominal hydatidosis occurs secondary to traumatic or surgical rupture of a hepatic cyst. Ultrasonography or Computed Tomography findings are helpful in making a definitive diagnosis. For localized hydatid cysts in liver or lungs, the management of choice is preferably surgical while the treatment for disseminated intra-abdominal hydatidosis remains medical. Albendazole is the treatment of choice for disseminated abdominal hydatidosis.
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Introduction
Hydatid disease (HD) is a zoonotic infection caused by the parasitic cestode tapeworm Echinococcus Granulosus and Echinococcus Multilocularis1 . In humans, Hydatid disease involves the liver (75%) and the lungs (15%). Some cases include the other regions of the body like brain, kidney and spleen2 . Disseminated abdominal hydatidosis is a rare presentation. Non-symptomatic hydatid disease may present with complications, but unusual locations as well as multiple primary or secondary hydatid disease pose special therapeutic hurdles.
Here a very rare case of disseminated intra-abdominal hydatidosis involving liver, spleen, and ovary and at adnexal spaces with calcification and septations was reported.
Conclusion
Disseminated abdominal hydatidosis is a rare presentation of Hydatid disease. This is a slowly progressive disease with symptoms that may last for long time as in this patient. For localized hydatid cysts in liver or lungs, the management of choice is preferably surgical while the treatment for disseminated intra-abdominal hydatidosis remains medical. Medical therapy with albendazole has shown better results than surgical treatment and is now considered as drug of choice for disseminated peritoneal hydatidosis.