Effect of control measures in terms of change in Entomological Indices during first Zika outbreak in Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Abstract
Zika virus third epidemic of India occurs in Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. This study was conducted to found the effect of control measures in the form of change in entomological indicies. Entomological surveillance was undertaken in the Zika affected areas of Jaipur Rajasthan in 29 kilometer square area in radius of 3 km around 1st index case. Vector indices House Index (HI) & Breteau index (BI) were used as indicators for assessing control activities. It was observed that out of total 159 cases of this outbreak, 108 cases were found in study area having 1.85 Zika case per 1000 household and 0.37 case per 1000 population rate of occurrence. There was 95.65% and 97.1% reduction in House Index and Breteau Index respectively in six week of control measures taken. Significant reduction in HI and BI starts from 2nd week onwards.
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Introduction
Zika virus is a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus diseases which is very much similar to dengue. It is mainly spread through bite of infected mosquitoes. Zika virus can spread from mother to child also during pregnancy. 1 Zika virus was first identified in Uganda in 1947 and in humans in 1952. 2,3 On February 1, 2016, WHO declared Zika as a ―Public Health Emergency of International Concern".
Presence of Zika virus in India was first time reported in year 2017 where three cases were reported from Gujarat and one case was reported from Tamil Nadu. However, in both the areas there was no evidence of local transmission. 4
Public health official of Cuba found and reported that Aedes aegypti is primarily vector of Zika. 5,6,7 This mosquito breeds in densely populated areas where people store water due to poor water supply and areas with the lacking of solid waste management and sanitation. Aedes aegypti is normally a day biter and a container breeder it likes to breed in small containers like, cups, discarded tyres, coconut shells, tins, cans, flowerpots, coolers, cement tanks etc. 5 Density of Aedes vector can be monitor in terms of House Index and Breteau Index, which shows positivity of immature (larvae) form in wet container with respect to observed house.
Third epidemic of Zika virus occurs in September and October of 2018 in Jaipur Rajasthan, India. This study was conducted in Zika virus affected area with the aim to find out the effect of control measures in the form of change in entomological surveillance.
Conclusion
In the present study, there was 1.85 Zika case per 1000 household and 0.37 case per 1000 population. There was 95.65% and 97.1% reduction in House Index and Breteau Index respectively in six week of control measures taken. There was significant reduction in HI and BI from 2nd week onwards.