Surgical site Infection in post-operative cases at a District Hospital of Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Surgical site infection is a post-operative complication. In spite of use of modern days antibiotics post-operative wound may get infected which is a negative sign of quality care of wound post-operatively. There are many factors associated with SSI. So this present study was conducted to find out prevalence of Surgical site infection in post-operative cases operated at R.K. Joshi District hospital Dausa (Rajasthan) India in year 2017. Surgical site infection was found in 25.6% of post operative cases. It was found significantly more in older age group, in cases from rural areas and cases from BPL families. Sex of cases was not found to associated with prevalence of SSI. SSI was found significantly more in Appendicectomy and Cholecystectomy than other surgeries. SSI was also found significantly more where duration of surgery was more. Cases with SSI had significantly longer duration of hospital stay. It was also revealed that cases with co morbidities were having significantly higher proportion of SSI. Among co morbidities SSI was highest in cases with Diabetes Mellitus
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Introduction
Surgical site infection is infection at the site of surgical incision for any operative procedure and the site of the infection may be limited to the suture line or may extend into the operative site.
SSI is one of the most common post-operative complications and causes significant post-operative morbidity and mortality. While the global estimates of SSI have varied from 0.5% to 15%, studies in India have consistently shown higher rates ranging from 23% to 38%.1 Surgical wound infection is a type of nosocomial infection. 2 Surgical site infections (SSI) are the third most commonly reported nosocomial infection and they account for approximately a quarter of all nosocomial infections.3 These infections account for 20% to 39% of all the infections acquired in hospitals. 4 Postoperative wound infection can occur from the first day onwards to many years after an operation but commonly occurs between the fifth and tenth days after surgery. 5
Wound infection is the commonest and most troublesome disorder delaying wound healing thus may increase the hospital stay of patients. It affect morbidity and mortality of post-operative cases. In cases of deep or extensive infection this resulted in a mortality rate of 70-80%.6
Furthermore, SSIs cause an increase in treatment cost, bed occupancy in a ward and prolong the hospital stay of the patient. Even basic life-saving procedures like appendectomies and cesarean sections are associated with high infection rates of wounds and mortality. 7
Conclusion
Surgical site infection was found in 25.6% of cases. This SSI was found to be associated with age, residence, BPL status, type of surgery and duration of surgery. SSI was found more in cases with co morbidity specially with Diabetes Mellitus.