Volume-5, Issue-2, February 2019

Abstract

In developing countries like India tetanus is still a public health problem as compared to developed countries. Although TT vaccination in pregnant women has given its dividends then also people are having tetanus even now. So this hospital based study was conducted to find out epidemiological factors in tetanus patients; admitted in a tertiary care hospital, Jaipur. This study was conducted on 192 tetanus patients above one year of age, who were admitted in Infectious disease hospital SMS, Jaipur Rajasthan during March 2017 to august 2018. Patient’ s detailed history was obtained and findings entered in proforma. Scoring was done by modified scoring system for grading of tetanus. Out of 192 cases 77.6% were below 40 years; out of these 60% were in age range of 1 to 20 years and median age was 17.6 year. In the study 73.4% were male and 27% were female and 83.9% of the cases were from rural and 16% from urban area. The completely immunized cases against tetanus were only 2%. The most common cause of tetanus was injury (54.6%) and the foot (42%) was commonest site of injury. The case fatality rate was 16.1%; which was more in above 40 year of age, in partial/non immunized cases and in severe cases. It can be concluded that tetanus cases were seen more in male and from rural area. Trauma was the most common cause of tetanus and among trauma Foot injury was commonest. Immunization status was significantly associated with fatality of cases, there was big lack of immunization which contributed in case fatality of tetanus.

Keywords: Tetanus, Epidemiological Factors, Immunization, Case Fatality Rate, Foot Injury.

References

Keywords: Tetanus, Epidemiological Factors, Immunization, Case Fatality Rate, Foot Injury.

Abstract

The main hurdle to spontaneous reporting is underreporting of adverse drug reactions. If the medical students are sensitized in their early training period about the adverse drug reaction reporting, this problem could be solved completely. This present study was conducted to find out the effectively of training the medical students about filling the adverse drug reactions reporting through emodules. This study was done on second year medical undergraduates. These students were trained to fill the adverse drug reaction form by e-modules and they were then given one month duration to collect the adverse drug reactions in patients receiving DOTS therapy at their institution. They were ask to fill and submit the adverse drug reactions reports from their respective colleges. All the collected forms by the students were then mailed to adverse drug reaction monitoring center at SMS Medical College to assess the quality. A total of 50 students from different government medical colleges of Rajasthan volunteered to participate in this study. In duration of one month 130 adverse drug forms were collected. Out of which 116 adverse effects (89.23%) were reported accurately. So it can be concluded that considerably valuable and clinically relevant adverse drug reactions were reported by the students. If medical undergraduates’ are exposed to adverse drug reactions reporting early in their training then pharmacovigilance program can achieved milestones.

Keywords: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Reporting, E-Modules, Medical Undergraduates, Pharmacovigilance Program of Government of India (PvPI).

References

Keywords: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Reporting, E-Modules, Medical Undergraduates, Pharmacovigilance Program of Government of India (PvPI).

Abstract

Protein Energy Malnutrition is a public health problem in fewer than five children and mothers are mainly responsible for that. So this study was conducted to find out associating factors with knowledge Attitude and Practices of mothers of fewer than five children regarding Protein Energy Malnutrition and its prevention. This study was conducted on 300 mothers of fewer than five children residing at Dhand Amer, Jaipur (Rajasthan) area. Data were collected by using structured interview questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that majority (80%) of the subjects had inadequate knowledge, 56.66% had neutral attitude and had 53.33% average practices regarding prevention of protein energy malnutrition. Significant positive correlation was found in attitude and practice only. Knowledge was significantly more adequate in higher education, housewives in joint families, higher income group and in mixed diet takers than their counterparts. Attitude was significantly more favourable in higher education, housewives and in joint families than their counterparts. Practice was significantly good in higher age, housewives and higher income families than their counterparts.

Keywords: Mothers of Fewer than Five Children, Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Associating Factors, Knowledge Attitude and Practices (KAP).

References

Keywords: Mothers of Fewer than Five Children, Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Associating Factors, Knowledge Attitude and Practices (KAP).

Abstract

There is controversy regarding betterment of cesarean section or vaginal delivery as per neonatal outcomes. So this study was conducted on 100 cesarean section and 100 vaginal delivery to compare the neonatal outcomes in cesarean section or vaginal delivery. Chi-square test and unpaired 't' tests were used to find out difference in proportion and means respectively. The present study revealed that there was no significant difference in neonatal outcomes in CS group and VD group in outcome of delivery, baby weight, and Apgar score after five minutes of delivery. Proportion of cases with reparatory distress were also without significant difference (p>0.05). Only significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in Apgar score at birth, where it was significantly more in CS group than VD group.

Keywords: Neonatal Outcome, Cesarean Section, Vaginal Delivery.

References

Keywords: Neonatal Outcome, Cesarean Section, Vaginal Delivery.