Volume-4, Issue-7, July 2018

Abstract

Adulteration of food is an old age problem though out the world. It is a major problem in developing world like India. There are many acts for preventing adulteration of food and consumers are assumed to know their responsibilities regarding food adulteration. So this observational study was conducted to know the awareness status of male and females regarding food adulteration and the factors associating this knowledge in males and females. For this 150 males and 150 females were interrogated and significance of difference in proportion of male and females were inferred by Chisquare test. It was found that only 10% subjects have good knowledge regarding adulteration. On sex wise comparison of this knowledge, 6% males’s scored good marks in comparison to 14% females. So females were having better knowledge than males regarding food adulteration. Association of knowledge score of males was found to be associated with educational qualification, occupation and eating habits are small (p<0.05) whereas in females it was found to associated with monthly family income, educational qualification and occupation are small (p<0.05). So demographic variables which have statistically significant association with knowledge regarding food adulteration and consumer protection were more of less similar in males and females i.e. Educational qualification and occupation. In Females monthly income whereas in males eating habits was addition associated factor found to be associated with knowledge food adulteration and consumer protection.

Keywords: Food Adulteration, Knowledge, Sex wise Comparison, Association factors

References

Keywords: Food Adulteration, Knowledge, Sex wise Comparison, Association factors

Abstract

Keratoconus is a disease of corneal and is a growing disease in the young population of today and in recent years many new modalities of treatment have come up to try and stop its progression in the early stages. Corneal collagen cross linking (CXL) is one of those modality. there are two type of CXL surgeries one is conventional other one is accelerated one. This intervention study was conducted on 40 patients and 60 eyes compare the outcome of conventional CXL (30 eyes) and accelerated CXL(30 eyes) in treatment of Keratoconus. It was found that there was no significant difference in change in various parameters like Log MAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on Snellen’s Chart, Spherical Equivalent (SEQ), Kmax (D) and Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) after 3 months as well as after 6 months in both the type of modalities. It was conclude from this study that accelerated CXL shows comparable results with conventional CXL in arresting the progression of mild KC, but long-term follow-up evaluation is warranted to delineate any difference in the clinical and topographical effect between the conventional and accelerated protocols.

Keywords: Keratoconus, Corneal collagen cross linking (CXL), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Spherical Equivalent (SEQ), Kmax (D), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT).

References

Keywords: Keratoconus, Corneal collagen cross linking (CXL), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Spherical Equivalent (SEQ), Kmax (D), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT).

Abstract

Post-operative pain management remains a challenge. Various combination of medicines are used to reduce post operative pain. So study was designed to compare the effect of Midazolam and Fentanyl adjuvant to Bupivacaine in reducing pain in infra-umblical surgeries It was observed in thia study that duration of analgesia was 197.6±9.8 minutes when bupivacaine was used alone, while it increased to 272.8±10.9, and 286±10.4 minutes when bupivacaine was used in combination with fentanyl and midazolam respectively. The total duration of analgesia in midazolam group was significantly more than Fenetanyl and Saline group. Present study demonstrated that midazolam produce longer duration of post-operative analgesia when compared to fentanyl. Mean VAS scores at various intervals were compared in all the three groups, it was found without significant variation till 2 hours of surgery but after that upto 3 hours it was minimum (<0.05) in Midozolam group and after 3 hours it significantly less (<0.05) in Fenetanyl group. So it can be concluded from this study that adding Midozolam with Bupivacaine is good for analgesia.

Keywords: Midazolam and Fentanyl adjuvant to Bupivacaine, Infra-umblical Surgeries, Analgesia.

References

Keywords: Midazolam and Fentanyl adjuvant to Bupivacaine, Infra-umblical Surgeries, Analgesia.

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a neuro endocrinal diseases purticularly in volving Hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, which has been widely researched in schizophrenia. Over activation of this axis is known to cause altered blood levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). Present study was conducted with the objective to compare serum levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in schizophrenia patients and healthy control. A cross sectional case control observational study was conducted including 40 patients with first-episode schizophrenia along with 40 age and sex matched healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed as Schizophrenia according to ICD-10. Serum cortisol and DHEA-S were assessed in both groups. It was observed in this study that mean Serum level of DHEA-S was significantly (p< 0.001) higher in the Schizophrenia group (4320 ± 1120 µg/dL) as compared to control group (2760 ± 825 µg/dL), while cortisol level did not differ significantly between the two groups. It can be concluded from this study that the first-episode antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenic patients showed a significantly higher blood level of DHEA-S compared with healthy controls indicating role of DHEA-S in patho-physiology of schizophrenia

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Cortisol, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEA-S).

References

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Cortisol, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEA-S).

Abstract

Nutritional status of children of age 1 to 5 years provide an idea of nutrition of entire population. Malnutrition is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in this age group of children. So it is a major public health problem in developing countries like India. That's why this cross sectional study on 170 children was conducted from January to June month of 2018 to find out to access the nutritional status of children of age 1 to 5 years in Sirsi village of Jaipur, Rajasthan through door to door survey. Statistical analysis was carried out by using Microsoft Excel for analyze the data. Majority of children belongs to age group of 2-3 years of age (32.3%) with male predominance (55.3% v/s 44.7%). As per mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) majority of children (93%) were in normal range and 81.2% children were found fully immunized. Although deficient intake of ten nutrients was found in 52-60% study children but among them 87% were having normal level of nutrition status (Mean 2SD). In this study as per weight 22.94% children were undernourished (weight mean minus >2 SD) and 7.06% were in borderline (yellow or danger zone) as per MAUC. Undernourishment (below 2SD) was found significantly more (p < 0.001) in form of birth order difference (35.9%). In milestone developing simple sentence, telling a story, riding a tricycle and knows gender and full name were delayed in most of the children(>60%).

Keywords: Nutritional Status, Children 1 To 5 Year, Malnutrition, Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC).

References

Keywords: Nutritional Status, Children 1 To 5 Year, Malnutrition, Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC).